lxtips

random hints for linux, bash, vim, firefox, ubuntu, gnome, nautilus, vlc... 

attach within your #OpenOffice.org Writer document with Insert > Note #linux http://j.mp/1aIWAA

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find the grub menu config at /boot/grub/menu.lst http://j.mp/7WyBw

How to Edit the Grub Menu in Ubuntu

Contributor
By eHow Contributing Writer
www.ehow.com%2fhow_2251661_edit-grub-menu-ubuntu.html&eid=8"> (6 Ratings)

Ubuntu Linux installs a menu giving users a choice of which operating system to boot. Typically, the choice is between Microsoft Windows or Ubuntu. GRUB (Grand Unified Boot-loader) drives this menu. The menu displays for 10 seconds. If no choice is selected, Grub starts the first (default) O/S.

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Difficulty: Moderately Challenging
Instructions
  1. Step 1

    Boot Ubuntu, login as a user and start a terminal session.

  2. Step 2

    Make a copy of the GRUB menu file as a backup by entering "cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_BU." Use this file to restore menu.lst if the changes fail.

  3. Step 3

    Edit the menu using the command "sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst."

  4. Step 4

    Count the number of possible operating system choices. For example, when first installed Ubuntu will be the first O/S in the file. Lower down in the file will be Windows XP. Count other operating systems, if installed.

  5. Step 5

    Find the line "default = 0." Grub sets the default to boot the O/S located as the first (0 relative) in the file menu.lst.

  6. Step 6

    Change the line "default = 0" to "default = 1." Save the file and exit. This changes the default from Ubuntu to Windows XP. Ubuntu appears first in the file and first on the menu display. Windows XP is further down in the file and appears below Ubuntu on the menu display.

  7. Step 7

    Restart the PC. Let the GRUB menu take the default to verify the change . The default is now set to 1 which means Windows will boot when no choice is made.

Tips & Warnings
  • Changing the wording displayed for boot choices on the menu can be done while editing the menu.lst file.
  • To restore the backup file, boot with a CD based Linux disk. Mount the PC based Ubuntu for updating. Replace the menu.lst with the backup by renaming the files. Dismount the disks, remove the CD based Ubuntu and try to reboot the PC.

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archive an email in #gmail with the shortcut key e http://bit.ly/19kmhr #linux

Google HelpGmail HelpYour AccountGmail settings › Keyboard shortcuts  

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Want to personalize the look of your Gmail account? Click Settings to check out our new themes. Learn more.

Keyboard shortcuts

Print
Keyboard shortcuts help you save time by allowing you to never take your hands off the keyboard to use the mouse. You'll need a Standard 101/102-Key or Natural PS/2 Keyboard to use the shortcuts.

To turn these case-sensitive shortcuts on or off, click Settings, and then pick an option next to Keyboard shortcuts.

Shortcut Key Definition Action
c Compose Allows you to compose a new message. <Shift> + c allows you to compose a message in a new window.
/ Search Puts your cursor in the search box.
k Move to newer conversation Opens or moves your cursor to a more recent conversation. You can hit <Enter> to expand a conversation.
j Move to older conversation Opens or moves your cursor to the next oldest conversation. You can hit <Enter> to expand a conversation.
n Next message Moves your cursor to the next message. You can hit <Enter> to expand or collapse a message. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
p Previous message Moves your cursor to the previous message. You can hit <Enter> to expand or collapse a message. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
o or <Enter> Open Opens your conversation. Also expands or collapses a message if you are in 'Conversation View.'
u Return to conversation list Refreshes your page and returns you to the inbox, or list of conversations.
e Archive Archive your conversation from any view.
m Mute Archives the conversation, and all future messages skip the Inbox unless sent or cc'd directly to you. Learn more.
x Select conversation Automatically checks and selects a conversation so that you can archive, apply a label, or choose an action from the drop-down menu to apply to that conversation.
s Star a message or conversation Adds or removes a star to a message or conversation. Stars allow you to give a message or conversation a special status.
! Report spam Marks a message as spam and removes it from your conversation list.
r Reply Replies to the message sender. <Shift> + r allows you to reply to a message in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
a Reply all Replies to all message recipients. <Shift> +a allows you to reply to all message recipients in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
f Forward Forwards a message. <Shift> + f allows you to forward a message in a new window. (Only applicable in 'Conversation View.')
<Esc> Escape from input field Removes the cursor from your current input field.

<Ctrl> + s

Save draft

Saves the current text as a draft when composing a message. Hold the <Ctrl> key while pressing s and make sure your cursor is in one of the text fields -- either the composition pane, or any of the To, CC, BCC, or Subject fields -- when using this shortcut.

#

Delete

Moves the conversation to Trash.

l

Label

Opens the Labels menu to label a conversation.

v

Move to

Moves the conversation from the inbox to a different label, Spam or Trash.

<Shift> + i Mark as read Marks your message as 'read' and skip to the next message.
<Shift> + u Mark as unread Marks your message as 'unread' so you can go back to it later.
[ Archive and previous Archives your conversation and moves to the previous one.
] Archive and next Archives your conversation and moves to the next one.
z Undo Undoes your previous action, if possible (works for actions with an 'undo' link).
<Shift> + n Update current conversation Updates your current conversation when there are new messages.
q Move cursor to chat search Moves your cursor directly to the chat search box.
y Remove from Current View*
Automatically removes the message or conversation from your current view.
  • From 'Inbox,' 'y' means Archive
  • From 'Starred,' 'y' means Unstar
  • From 'Trash,' 'y' means Move to inbox
  • From any label, 'y' means Remove the label
  • * 'y' has no effect if you're in 'Spam,' 'Sent,' or 'All Mail.'
    . Show more actions Displays the 'More Actions' drop-down menu.
    ? Show keyboard shortcuts help Displays the keyboard shortcuts help menu within any page you're on.

    Combo-keys - Use the following combinations of keys to navigate through Gmail.

    Shortcut Key Definition Action
    <tab> then <Enter> Send message After composing your message, use this combination to send it automatically. (Supported in Internet Explorer and Firefox, on Windows.)
    y then o Archive and next Archives your conversation and moves to the next one.
    g then a Go to 'All Mail' Takes you to 'All Mail,' the storage site for all mail you've ever sent or received (and have not deleted).
    g then s Go to 'Starred' Takes you to all conversations you have starred.
    g then c Go to 'Contacts' Takes you to your Contacts list.
    g then d Go to 'Drafts' Takes you to all drafts you have saved.
    g then i Go to 'Inbox' Returns you to the inbox.
    g then t Go to 'Sent Mail' Takes you to all mail you've sent.
    * then a Select all Selects all mail.
    * then n Select none Deselects all mail.
    * then r Select read Selects all mail you've read.
    * then u Select unread Selects all unread mail.
    * then s Select starred Selects all starred mail.
    * then t Select unstarred Selects all unstarred mail.

    updated 8/19/2009

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    Thanks! Your feedback will help us improve our Help Center.

    Think you can do better? Check out articles written by other users in our wiki and create your own!

    Get help from other users in the Gmail Help Forum.

    Comments [0]

    add notifications to your scripts with notify-send "title" "message" http://bit.ly/1jsSgz #linux

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    open 3 tabs in #gnome terminal with gnome-terminal --tab --tab --tab http://bit.ly/1QpwB #linux

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    use the same #gtk theme for applications started as root with sudo ln -s ~/.themes /root/.themes http://bit.ly/36aNQL #linux

    Categorized | Applications, System

    Use the same GTK theme for applications started as root

    September 1st, 2009 by T4L

    If you start a GTK GUI with root permissions and you notice that it uses the old GTK theme, you can make all applications started as root to use your current theme by doing this:

    sudo ln -s ~/.themes /root/.themes
    sudo ln -s ~/.icons /root/.icons
    sudo ln -s ~/.fonts /root/.fonts

    This will basically create symlinks to your icons, fonts and themes directories that draw your current GTK theme.

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    check out some #vlc media player skins http://bit.ly/sFzf4 #linux via http://unixmen.com

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    append contents of file 1 to file 2 with cat file1 >> file2 http://bit.ly/QR4EH #linux

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    replace spaces in filenames with underscores with rename -v 's/ /_/g' * http://bit.ly/10Lt7S #linux

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    move to the next occurrence of x on the command line with Ctrl+] x http://bit.ly/1Gf39T #linux

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